Table of Contents Title slide Physical and biological aspects of the environment The pelagic and bethic provinces The ocean can also be divided into zones based upon depth of light penetration. Taxonomic classification used in zoology. The five major kingdoms Marine organisms can also be classified by lifestyle. Examples of plankton Foraminifera Dinoflagellates Diatoms Epi- and in-fauna and flora of the benthos Environmental factors in the marine environment Example: effects of temperature on barnacle activity

Example: osmoregulation in marine and freshwater fishes Example: Hydrostatic pressure as a function of depth More than 90% of marine plants are algae and most are unicellular and microscopic. Terrestrial versus aquatic energy flow Surface area to volume ratios Zooplankton include the copepods and foraminifera. Copepods The morphology of fish has evolved to allow them to move through the water easily. Drag in fish Different fish body plans Intertidal benthic communities generally display vertical zonation that parallels sea level. Controls on vertical zonation in the intertidal