Physical Oceanography:

Table of Contents Title slide An overview of ocean stratification Chemical and Physical structure Salinity displays a latitudinal relationship related to precipitation and evaporation. Latitudinal variation in salinity Salinity profiles Density of sea water is a function of temperature, salinity and pressure. Density stratification The water column in the ocean can be divided into the surface layer, pycnocline and deep layer. Factors leading to a pycnocline Density structure of the ocean Water is recycled from the ocean to the land and returned to the sea. The hydrological cycle Resource cycling within the ocean

Chemical techniques Sea ice is ice that forms by the freezing of sea water Amount of light entering the ocean depends upon the height of the sun above the horizon and the smoothness of sea surface. Light absorption in the open ocean Light penetration Light absorption in nearshore, productive waters The speed of sound in water increases as salinity, temperature and pressure increase Behavior of sound in water The SOFAR channel The sea surface microlayer is the water surface to a depth of a few hundred micrometers The seasurface microlayer Summary of resource cycling